Unit 11 The Role of Public Health (GC0231)
Introduction
- Explain the roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and diseases in communities.
1.2 Explain, using statistical data, the epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease that is widespread in our country.
- 3 Evaluate the effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in communities
2.1 Use relevant research to determine current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people with disease or illness.
2.2 Explain the relationship between the prevalence of disease and the requirements of services to support individuals within the health and social care service provision.
2.3 Analyse the impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care services
3.1 Assess the health and wellbeing priorities for individuals in a particular health or social care setting
3.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in a health or social care setting.
3.3 Discuss changes that could be made to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals in a health or social care setting
3.4 Evaluate an activity that has been implemented to encourage behavior change for maximizing health for individuals in a health or social care setting.
Introduction
This report pays attention to several techniques, methods and organizations which is control and observe the health of health and social care institutions. It would also say the affecting factors health of individuals in social care and health environment.
1. Explain the roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and diseases in communities
According to WHO(2014), Public Health refers to “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals. The focus of public health intervention is to improve the health and quality of life through the prevention and treatment of disease and other physical and mental health conditions. It is concerned with threats to health based on population health analysis. It involves the evaluation as well as observing societies’ and citizens’ health. It also defines systems to identify the problem of local and national health.
The steps of health and diseases in societies are identified by organizations at three steps international level- World Health Organisation (WHO), National level- Public Health England, Department of Health and local level local authorities, CCG, and Health.
According to Gov, UK,2015, Public Health England is an organization of health situated in the United Kingdom which began working on 1 April 2013. The formation of PHE came as a reorganization of the National Health Service (NHS) which is situated in England defined in the Health and Social Care Act 2012. To protect as well as the improvement of the nation’s health, the organization worked. They motivate advising government, discussions as well as supporting action by the local government.
According to Health 2015, to improve the health of their local citizens as well as for public health services involving sexual health services as well as purposed at decreasing drug and alcohol misuse. Social services also provide welfare services like residential housing for the aged, ill, and disabled people who needed to care.
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1.2 Explain, using statistical data, the epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease that is widespread in our country
According to WHO, Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare.  Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.
Major areas of epidemiological study include disease etiology, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, forensic epidemiology and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials.
According to CDC 2015, the Ebola virus formerly designated ( Zaire ebolavirus) is one of five known viruses within the genus Ebolavirus. Ebola viruses are found in different African countries. Ebola was first discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River. Since then, outbreaks have appeared in Africa. Ebola is spread through the shortest contact (through the eyes, nose, or mouth) with blood or body fluids (including but not limited to feces, saliva, urine, sweat, vomit, semen, breast milk) of a person who is sick with Ebola, objects like needles and syringes which have been contaminated with the virus.
According to NHS, The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Without treatment, the average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within these bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells.
HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4+ T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells through a number of mechanisms, including pyroptosis of abortively infected T cells, apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, the direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that recognize infected cells.[7] When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.
2.1 Use relevant research to determine current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people with disease or illness
There are present precedences in different facilities for the people infected with Chlamydia in the UK. According to the greenhouse (n.d),……………….
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