The Impact of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Upon the Development of Children (GC01484)
Abstract
The aim of this study is critically evaluating the impact of racial and ethnic discrimination on the child development in UK minority groups. In this research work, the researcher has formulated a number of research methods and methodologies. The pragmatism philosophical views have been applied along with the descriptive and explanatory research design. Then, the deductive research approach has been applied along with both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Both primary and secondary data sources have been applied to collect the required data. The non-probability sampling method has been applied to conduct a survey through a questionnaire on 100 children who come from different minority groups in central London.
They found that 58% of children who come from minority groups in the UK have faced racial and color discrimination in the last 12 months, whereas the other 42% of participants children said they have not faced any discrimination related to race and color. Then, 62% of children who come from minority groups in the UK have faced verbal abuse in the last 12 months, whereas the other 38% of participants’ children said they have not faced any verbal abuse. Next, 42% of children who come from minority groups in the UK are having fair health, whereas the other 40% of participants’ children said they are having poor health. The other 18% of children who come from minority groups in the UK are facing very poor health. Next, 58% of total participants said they face physical attacks, whereas 62% of children who participated in the survey disclose that they face verbal abuse Next, 58% of total participants said they face racial and ethnic discrimination. Then, 56% of children come from minority groups in UK illness, disability or infirmity, whereas the other 44% of participants children said they are not facing illness, disability or infirmity. Next, 45% of participants agree that they face the prevalence of psychosis. Then, 38% of participants strongly said they are facing depression Next, 54% of participants said they are facing long-standing limiting illness. Finally, 55% of total participants said they have self-assessed poor health.
Acknowledgments
First of all, I would like to appreciate my honorable supervisor who helped me a lot in conducting this study. The supervisor supported me a lot with guidance, suggestions and monitoring of my progress. Secondly, I would like to thank to my husband who supported me with his company, inspiration and motivation in the research works. Finally, I would say thanks to my parents and friends who motivated and inspired me in the way of my career development.
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research project description (brief overview of nature of the project)
The UK is one of the most ethnically diverse countries, where people come from complex historical migration patterns and de-colonization state information, empire, conquest, periods of conflicts. In addition, the people in the UK come from mass migrations of Irish, African slaves and servants, Jewish people, post-war economic migrants, and people come from South-Asian countries including China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Srilanka (Okely 1983, Shyllon 1977, Holmes 1988). Still, now there is an increasing trend of super-diversity and mixing of ethnic groups which has made an ethically complex society (Vertovec 2006). The UK is also facing great social and cultural changes because of globalization, European and Brexit issues, acceleration of migration, and social pluralism (Parekh 2000, Loury, Modood and Teles 2005).
The ethnic minorities in the UK are facing significant challenges to social mobility. In spite of having better qualifications than the white children. It has been seen that minority people including Indian, Chinese, Black African, Bangladeshi, Irish are facing ethnic and racial discrimination. A study discloses that 43% of Chinese and 42% of Indian children are doing better education than 26% of white children. Although ethnic minorities in the UK are outperforming in education, very few of these are gaining employment outcomes. Black people in the UK are getting 50% fewer opportunities for unemployment than white people. The other study discloses that 44.3% of white people move up to a higher socio-economic class, where 30.95% of Pakistani and Bangladeshi people move up from socio-economic class. In a word, ethnic and racial discrimination impacts the development of minority children in the UK.
1.2 Research Problem
The study found that social mobility in the UK differs between white and minority groups. The minority people are facing a lower rate of upward mobility than the white people. Because poor mobility in the ethnic groups has been significantly narrowing down the employment in the public sector for the last 20 years. A study discloses that 33% of Bangladeshi and Pakistani and 20% of Arab, Black Caribbean, and Black African people are living in the deprived neighborhoods in the UK, where only 08% of white British are living in the deprived neighborhoods. A survey conducted by Robision and Valeny (2015) shows Black population tends to be more disadvantaged economically and socially (such as in the case of poverty, marginality) than white people. The minority group including the Black Caribbean and Bangladesh population are socially assimilated, economically disadvantaged, with greater economic poverty and marginality because of social closure, social distinctiveness, and less political incorporation. Thus, the children’s development in minority groups is being impacted significantly. As a result, this study critically evaluates the impact of racial and ethnic discrimination on children’s development in minority groups.
1.3 Research Aims and Objectives
Aims
The aim of this study is to critically evaluate the impact on the impact of racial and ethnic discrimination upon the development of children of minority groups in London to recommend the concerned authorities. Then, the study will recommend to the local councils and government how this racial and ethnic discrimination can be overcome in developing children in minority groups.
Objectives
1) To analyze the racial and ethnic discrimination that exist in the minority group in the UK
2) To analyze the impact of this discrimination on child development
3) To analyze the reaction come from the minority groups against the discrimination
4) To recommend the concerned authority to reduce this discrimination in terms of child development.
1.4 Research questions
- a) What kind of racial and ethnic decimation are exists in the minority groups in the UK?
- b) How do the impact of racial and ethnic discrimination on the child development?
- c) How do minority groups and their children react to the racial and ethnic discrimination faced?
- d) How can the local council and government reduce racial and ethnic discrimination to do child development in minority groups?
1.4 Significance of research
This study will play a significant role in reducing race and ethnic discrimination in the community in the UK. The study will guide the concerned authorities to take initiatives to ensure diversity along with improved child development in minority groups in UK. On the other hand, this study will play a significant role in the development of the researcher herself. The researcher will gain research and development skills through this study. In addition, the researcher will gain interpersonal skills including management and leadership skills, decision making and problem-solving skills, time management skills and presentation skills, analytical skills and technology skills. In a word, this study will improve the research and other interpersonal skills of the researcher, which will support her in gaining a better career in the future.
1.5 Literature review (critical review of key references)
According to Priest et al.(2012) discloses that 71% of US-based study, 18% of UK and EU based study, 40% of study on African American, 25% of study based on the Asian population, 29% of study based on Latino people, and 85% of studies on young children aged from 12 to 18 years, and 83% of study on an urban population in the UKÂ show that the racial and ethnic discrimination have a significant impact on child development. The study also found that 51% of mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression are related to racial discrimination. In addition, the study discloses that there is a close relationship between racial discrimination and children’s health including psychological adjustment, self-worth, and self-esteem. Further, racial discrimination and children’s problem behavior have a strong relationship that impacts the mental health of children in the minority groups of the UK (Priest et al., 2012). More than 50% of Bangladeshi people lived in derived areas in Midlands in 2011. Then, about 50% of Pakistani lived in deprived areas in North and Midlands, where only 4% and 8% are living in deprived areas of London and South. The highest number of African (26%) live in crime-deprived neighborhoods, while 9% of white British people live in crime-deprived neighborhoods………….
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