Personal and Managerial Effectiveness Assignment Solution (GC0806)

Executive Summary

The key aim of this essay is to critically discuss and analyze the cultural differences by applying Hofstede’s Cultural Model in terms of particular organizations.  In this essay, Hofstede’s Cultural Model has been applied to a Japanese organization named “Toyota”, which operates in the global market including the UK. The discussion and analysis of the application of Hofstede’s Cultural Framework have been based on Japan and the UK.

The findings of this essay have come from several data sources. Most of the data have come from Geert Hofstede’s website named “www.geert-hopstede.com” and Toyota’s website name “www.toyota-global.com”. In addition, the author of this essay has used several books, journals, and other websites to accomplish the assignment.

The overview of this essay shows that Hofstede’s Cultural Model applies six cultural dimensions that provide measurable paradigms to meet organizations’ expectations towards the cultural differences in their international marketplaces and contribute to their inter-cultural studies. The organizations like Toyota which operate in the international marketplace, are is the most significant factor to manage any conflicts raised in the business environment and to meet the needs and expectations of the workforce. In addition, the six dimensions included in Hofstede’s cultural model affect the cross-cultural communication of multinational organizations including Toyota, which support the organization to reduce a substantial level of risk and conflicts among employees. As a result, global organizations including Toyota must consider the cultural factors mainly the six dimensions discussed through Hofstede’s Cultural Model, when they take any initiatives or make decisions for their business………..

Table of Contents

Executive Summary.

1.0 Introduction.

2.0 Literature Review.

2.1 What is culture?.

2.2 National culture.

2.3 Organisational culture.

2.4 Concept of Hofstede’s Cultural Model

2.5 What does the Hofstede Model focus on?.

3.0 Application of Hofstede’s Model in Toyota business.

3.1 Overview of Toyota and its cultural differences in its global markets.

3.2 Cultural difference between Toyota home country (Japan) and global market (UK)

4.0 Discussion and Analysis.

5.0 Conclusion.

6.0 Recommendation.

References.

1.0 Introduction

Country boundaries of business are, nowadays, are shaped by the globalization and advancement of both worldwide communication and transformation systems. These factors have provided huge opportunities for domestic business organizations to maximize their opportunity in international marketplaces. One of the scholars named “Geert Hofstede” started in 1970 to notice the significance of cultural differences in the success of multinational organizations (Hofstede and Minkov, 20114). Most importantly, cultural issues are important when organizations deal with people who come from different cultures and diverse backgrounds. This is because different cultures and diverse backgrounds may be the cause of conflict among organizations’ people (Holden,  2012). Thus, it is essential for global organizations to understand and recognize the cultural differences in their business environment. A model developed by Hofseted plays an important role to guide organizations to recognize their cultural differences and suggests improving inter-cultural communication among workforces. However, some critiques raise questions against the reliability of this framework (Bond, 2012).

This report critically discusses and analyses Hofstede’s cultural framework in the first section. Then, the report applies this framework to a practical organization named “Toyota” and recommends improving its inter-cultural communication in a business environment. Finally, the report critiques the limitations of Hofstede’s cultural framework focusing on the findings of the literature.

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2.0 Literature Review

2.1 What is culture?

According to Warner and Joynt (2012) notes, culture refers to the outcome of human action in society. Peterson (2014) states that culture is the relatively stable set of inner beliefs and values generally held by people in society, regions or a country, where it has a noticeable impact on those values as well as beliefs have on the environment and outward behaviors.  However, the most cited definition of culture provided by Hofstede in 1980 is ” culture refers to the collective programming of the minds which divide one group’s people from another “. Comparing almost all of the culture definitions Hofstede et al. (2012) defined six particular characteristics of culture: 1) culture is learned rather than inherited; 2) culture is shared by groups, organizations, and even by the whole society, rather than specific to the individual; 3) culture shifts from generation to generation that means culture is dynamic; 4) culture is symbolic; 5) culture is patterned means it is integrated, and 6) culture is adaptive……….

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